Women as Political Activists during American Revolution Essay Example for Free

Ladies as Political Activists during American Revolution Essay Women’s job before American Revolution was limited to home and parenthood. Their uniqueness was unwanted in political and monetary setting. They were absolutely subject to their spouses, fathers and siblings for physical endurance and monetary security. This reality denied them of numerous open doors like conventional instruction, world travel and social positions. Anyway during American Revolution, the need of their administration and help was unavoidable. In spite of the fact that proper legislative issues did exclude ladies, their household information and conduct got accused of political importance. Despite the fact that ladies were not immediate members on the combat zone, they despite everything made effect on the noteworthy occasions of this period. Ladies on this time whether they were a follower, an impartial or loyalist, they fearlessly battled and put their families at extraordinary hazard. They couldn't stay quiet or uninvolved, which reflects extraordinary fearlessness. A spouse with a republican husband would help the devoted reason through instructing her kids and the cutting edge as indicated by the republican qualities who battled for autonomy. Their political opposition against the British Empire was obviously showed in their diminishing help towards British exchange and items. Ladies decided to proceed with a long convention of weaving as opposed to buying and wearing garments produced using imported British materials. Nonimportation and nonconsumption of British items became women’s significant weapons in the armory of the American obstruction development against British imposing taxes without any political benefit (Faragher 2006, p. 159). Clearly ladies have been declining to purchase and devour items from British as a major aspect of their political articulation. Purchasing American items became women’s devoted signal. In addition, ladies were likewise approached to place their homes in administration through quartering American fighters and permitting lawmakers to hold the gatherings in their homes. Many ladies filled in as attendants, laundresses, cooks and allies to the male warriors in the Continental Army (Zell 1996). Their activities on the home front spared them time and mitigated the officers from additional arranging and activating. This permits the men to completely focus on crushing the British and obtaining sway and freedom. In addition, the progressive war allowed ladies the chance to show their ability and to accept obligations that were before respected to male alone. At the point when their spouses were in battle, they were assuming responsibility for the ranches and other wellspring of employment of either exchange or horticulture. Unwittingly women’s social jobs and the structure of the general public were re-imagined during American Revolution giving them more chances to investigate their abilities and possibilities. The unrest for ladies made ready to know themselves all the more consequently enlivened them to battle for uniformity as far as social jobs realizing that they can contribute something noteworthy in the general public. Moreover, the upheaval invigorated trust in uniformity and opportunity. Despite the fact that they didn't gain full balance after upset, the standards of autonomy motivated ladies as well as slave for balance, opportunity and freedom. Reference: Faragher, John Mack, et al. Page 159. Out of Many: A History of the American People. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2006. Zell, Fran. A Multicultural Portrait of the American Revolution. New York: Benchmark Books. 1996.

Juvenile Justice Module 8 Online Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Adolescent Justice Module 8 Online - Essay Example In adolescent equity framework guardians, social laborers and post trial supervisors are associated with the procedure to accomplish positive outcomes and maintain a strategic distance from any further wrongdoings by youngsters. The adolescent probation is the focal point of adolescent equity framework. Probation is the apparatus utilized by adolescent equity offices. It is a casual observing of youth and maintaining a strategic distance from their inclusion in genuine violations. The primary duty of adolescent probation is security and insurance of open from wrongdoings. The adolescent probation rehearses must be crucial, execution based and result-arranged. Numerous probation abilities and approaches are utilized. In this probation practice, the guilty parties are directed in their schools. This training is helpful as in the kids invest most of their energy in school. The post trial supervisor ends up in the situation of better observing of the adolescent guilty parties. In this training he has more contact with the young and ready to see conduct of the guilty party with his colleagues. This training additionally will assist the adolescent with becoming progressively mindful in school making a decent understudy. An investigation uncovered that school based probation brings about better scholarly execution, less violations and increment in school participation. This examination was carried on 75 haphazardly chose guilty parties. The most significant objective of the adolescent equity framework is to change the youngsters. The reason for this training is to make the guilty parties productive members of society adhering to laws and guidelines. The post trial supervisors assume a significant job in recovery of the young. For this reason the post trial agents help in build up the working abilities and learning aptitudes. The abilities which are expected to make tranquil and valuable residents. The wrongdoers likewise need to change the manner in which they think and decide. Their perspective is changed by intellectual mediations. The need is surveyed and objectives are set in like manner and afterward the aptitude building programs are made. It is significant for the guilty parties to

How to write a college admissions essay Complete guide.

How to write a college admissions essay Complete guide. A college admission essay is one of the main parts of the application. Your college essay application is your choice to showcase their best qualities and to show an admissions committee that makes you stand different from other applicants. 1. Start with a Template Summary 1. Start with a Template2. Brainstorm3. Show your personality4. Write the essay.5. Proofread6. Choose your own words7. Tie up loose endsExperts Help For College Essay Writing The template can give you a good starting point for your college admission essay. It can also help you learn how to create a solid college admissions essay format. You can include a title with the name and address of the person who receives your letter. The template is in the form of help for your creativity. 2. Brainstorm Before you start writing, brainstorm some ideas. Choose your story to tell. Choose one of the ideas that have narrowed you. You must have adequate helpful details to rely on this as the outstanding performance of your abilities, achievements, perseverance or beliefs. Choose three concepts that you think are the most suitable for college application essays and weigh the strength of each. What idea can you develop further and not lose the reader? Who really occupy more of who you are? 3. Show your personality The college admissions essay tells what you really are. Show the admissions officer that you are mature, thoughtful and responsible. Use your own voice and your stories to tell why you should have an ability for admission in college. Do not be afraid to use failure in your story. The colleges know that students are human and this failure is a natural part of life. You do not have to make a long list of all your shortcomings, but accepting weaknesses and misconceptions can lead to authenticity and can give more credibility to your legitimate achievements. 4. Write the essay. Once you are satisfied with your essay, begin writing! Consider starting with a relevant quote, question or short story. Using words that you normally do not use in your daily conversations may seem strange and compelling in your essay. Your college essay application should reflect the sound of your authentic speaking, but that does not mean that you can write it like a long text message. Be yourself. Entrance officials read many application essays and know the difference between a students original story and a recycled academic essay. 5. Proofread The final step is the editing and proof of your finished college admission essay. Give yourself some time before you proofread it. To review spelling and grammar errors, read the essay in front of other people. Parents and teachers are good candidates for this work. If you mention a particular college in the essay, make sure it is the correct name and corresponds to the whole piece. 6. Choose your own words Your own words are the best way to tell who you are as a student and a person; using any other words will not give an authentic voice to your essay. Focusing on specific details of your life, while giving yourself plenty of time. Your college application essay gives you an opportunity to show why you deserve a prestigious place in your favorite college. A strong essay can give you the best chance to come to the college of your dreams. 7. Tie up loose ends When you submit your college admissions essay, remember to include your name, contact information and ID number in this. Especially if you send it to the normal login email account. To make sure that you keep copies of which schools and when and who you have followed! To send your essay, be sure about the college or university you are applying for. Experts Help For College Essay Writing If you are looking for college essay writing or any other essay service at reasonable prices. So we provide the best essay writing service for all of us. Apart from this, assignment help, homework help, project help and essay writing services also provide. We work round the clock and offer excellent writing service. We have a large team of essay writing experts. Our specialists are highly qualified and experienced to handle all types of essay writing. Our specialists are always ready to help you. You will get a full college essay writing service on the given time limit. We provide a reputation for a reliable custom college essay writing service. We respect your privacy and keep it in strict confidentiality. Quick Links- How To Write A Narrative Essay?How To Write An Essay In APA Format?Tips For Structuring An EssayHow To Write An Essay Ask for query

A Call For Justice And Unity - 883 Words

A Call for Justice and Unity For many heroes like Martin Luther King, Abraham Lincoln, and Frederick Douglas that fought against racism and inequality in the United States, Malcolm X, a prominent and a real Muslim minister, also during his life has influenced, urged and advocated for the black patriotism and right and freedom for the American black people. He achieved this through a message he passed at a meeting that was being sponsored by the active labor forum in New York. In his speech, he addressed several concerns and issues such as integration, black Americans reunite to prevent white oppressors, black Americans having control over the American soil, and as well as solving economic issues. Malcolm X speech, until today, has impacted and influenced many black communities. On the other hand, many others heavily condemned him as a racist individual due to some negative connotations he used during his speech. Throughout Malcolm x speech, he was convincing, made good use of rhetoric techniques and Pathos to get the attention of his audience. He had the skills and the ability to arouse the emotions of his audience, therefore, in his speech, it seemed to most of his audience and supporters were enraptured by his story. It was so obvious that Malcolm x was a man of integrity and a true nationalist. Everything he did was based on nationalism. In his speech, he addresses the issue of Black Americans by not taking control over their land, politics and economy. He believes thatShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Other Hand 1418 Words   |  6 Pagesthe viewer varies among people. Leo Tolstoy reveals that the beauty we perceive through art can change or support a pre-conceived idea. On the other hand, Elaine Scarry’s view resides in the fact that our view of beauty promotes the spirit of justice. Art is not so much the focus, rather beauty is the driving force of these two essays. There is an educational aspect to beauty that implies improvement within an individual or society and is promoted through both essays. Leo Tolstoy’s â€Å"WhatRead MoreDistinctive Voices Essay Plan1398 Words   |  6 Pagesmove forward. â€Å"The time has come for the nation to turn a new page in Australia’s history† â€Å"Write this new chapter in our nation’s story together† * Inclusive Language: The use of inclusive language involves the audience as a whole and calls a sense of unity to be developed among each other. Rudd uses this to act as the voice of the nation and speak for us all. â€Å"we† â€Å"our† * Extended Metaphor: Throughout the speech Rudd explores the concept of this apology being a chance to start a new chapterRead MoreAnalysis Of America Call For A New National Identity Essay1269 Words   |  6 PagesAfrican Americans in America. America gives off the perception that the house with the white picket fence, dog and two kids is the â€Å"American Dream†. In fact many people in urban communities don’t even own their homes. In the Article â€Å"Reinventing America Call for a New National Identity† by Elizabeth Martinez she believes that â€Å"White America† makes us believe they settled America for all people. In reality that is not true because the Native American had already settled here. Patriotism is something thatRead MoreThe Conflict Of The Civil War1053 Words   |  5 Pageseven their religious leaders (Peterson 1997, 123). This â€Å"truth† had caused quite and dispute among the Salvadorians and ultimately led to a civil war . The Salvadorian Civil War was a tough time that brought out individual’s true spirits. Social justice issues remained the root caused, and therefore, induced participation from the Catholic Church, a church that took an oath to stand by its poor. I look to explore this complex time in Salvadorian history. A time where basic norms were turned upsideRead MoreBiography Of Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli s Influence On The Contribution Of Significant People Or Schools Of Thought1334 Words   |  6 Pageswere to poor to afford to send him to a school. While studying at the seminary his interest for Christianity grew. He then studied in Rome having earned a scholarship. Roncallli was ordained not long after in 1904. This was the start of his social justice work which grew stronger when he was servicing the Italian army during WWI. In 1958 he became the Catholic Pope and was known as Pope John XXIII. During his papacy he made some significant changes to the Christian tradition and earn ed the name ofRead MoreCompare And Contrast Martin Luther King And Religion1219 Words   |  5 Pagestwo texts are starkly different from one another. Both, in a way, touch on religion in such a way to respond to a particular religious organization. King’s letter is written in response to a group of mostly Christian clergymen who published â€Å"A Call to Unity†, a statement made in the newspaper which criticized King and his methods of causing trouble. X’s speech was made just less than a month after he had announced his separation from the Nation of Islam; a Muslim organization that called for racialRead MoreExorcism And Harijan Possession During Modern Society1206 Words   |  5 Pagesimmediately call for an exorcism, and the process of gaining approval for the exorcism is extensive and difficult. Harijan gurus and oracles, on the other hand, seem to be more readily available for such rituals any time an afflicted person or family might come for help. Afflicted families must still go through a process of gathering sufficient funds to pay the guru or oracle and sometimes buy sacrificial animals, but Sax in his book God of Justice: Ritual Healing and Social Justice in the CentralRead MoreAutobiography Of Malcolm X1614 Words   |  7 PagesAutobiography of Malcolm X as told to Alex Haley is an account of Malcolm X’s evolving perspective on racial justice. Malcolm X was a prominent figure in the Nation of Islam who advocated for black nationalism and separatism. The man who became one of America’s most powerful voices for African Americans was deeply affected by the terrors of racism, which shaped his view of social justice and the condemnation of the white man. The way Malcolm X narrates his experiences changes as his views on raceRead MoreRhetorical Analysis of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.s I Have A Dream Speech915 Words   |  4 Pagesmajority who would also be hearing Dr. Kings words likely would need the framework of honesty and justice in which they could judge the truthfulness of the charges that Dr. King is about to make. His purpose was not to further divide, but to unite. Abraham Lincoln is the central figure, it was his purpose to preserve the Union. It is Dr. Kings purpose to call for unity of the people. It is only within this framework that Dr. King can make his next statement andRead MoreWhy The Church Is A Complex Concept Of Grasp1497 Words   |  6 Pagesmeans to be united, and unity is a powerful bond held together for a common purpose. For example, through the Trinity, God is one in the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. Likewise, all the aspects of the church is one just like the relationship of the Trinity. However, the Trinity is also one of the primary ways the church is united. The Trinity is the leader in making the church one. As Lumen Gentium claims, â€Å"the universal church is seen to be a people made one by the unity of the Father, the Son,

Math and Video Games - 2373 Words

What could possibly beleaguer people to spend a global 3 billion hours on it (Mcgonigal, 2010)? Video games! Video games make about 103 billion dollars worldwide. This money is used to make even better games with more programming. However, it takes many types of math to create the games. Mathematics takes up a big part of creating the video games so many people love and play all the time. The math that is used to make these games can be ranged from a large array. These include basic geometry, vector geometry, matrix algebra, tile arithmetic , simple algebra, quaternions, even calculus and many more. After all, there is no need to learn every complicated manner of programming a video game, unless you plan on building one, but rather getting the general applications that the industry has rooted from. First person shooters, strategy games, and mathematics that are applied into video games change how video games can function and cause them to vary into games. These are often categoriz ed as strategy or first person games or even simulator games. First person shooters are a very big part of the growing video game industry. First-person shooter (FPS) is a video game genre which centers the gameplay around gun and projectile weapon-based combat through the first person perspective; i.e, the player experiences the action through the eyes of a protagonist (Princeton, 2014 ). The genre came out with 1992s Wolfenstein 3D, see appendix A, which is generally credited withShow MoreRelatedA Psychologically Fascinating Tool For The Classroom1199 Words   |  5 Pagesclassroom Video games get a bad name for themselves because some people will spend hours in front of a screen working towards a virtual goal. They are blamed way too often for making kids violent and giving them an unrealistic view of the real world. Video games such as Atari’s Pong and Tomohiro Nishikado’s Space Invaders only had one objective (Welch). Now there are games like Fallout 3 and Assassin s Creed where there are many objectives, puzzles, and achievable items. When video games were firstRead MoreUsing Video Games in the Classroom1407 Words   |  6 PagesVideo Games could be used in the classroom for a wide variety of different subjects, ranging from math, to science, to english and even in foreign language classes as many games that are made in different countries are in that countrys own language. Of Course games are almost always translated into different languages so that people worldwide could play them but a foreign language teacher wouldn’t find it too difficult to get ahold of a copy of a game in a foreign language. Music classes such asRead MorePlaying Video Games Help You With Decision Making1444 Words   |  6 Pagesyour life style? Playing video games also help you with decision making. With all the different genres of games and their different difficulties, and individual is challenged and is made to make haste decisions in game to survive or to solve a puzzle. Making an accurate and hasty decision while paying games will influence your decision making in real life. When you are faced with a problem you think of many different solutions faster than a non-gamer will. By playing video game you can improve yourselfRead MoreVideo Games Violence664 Words   |  3 PagesUNV - 104 August 11, 2013 Video Games and Violence Video games and violence have different effects on children according to the type of video games that is being watched It is important to understand the world of video games. All video games do not prevent violence in children. Parents should take into consideration in monitoring their child while choosing video games. Depending on the video game that is chosen, does not mean the child will result in violent behavior later on in lifeRead MoreTechnologyies Review1233 Words   |  5 PagesNational Geographic for kids, there are games, videos, pictures and information on nature. | 3rd-6th | Science and Social Studies | 2. https://www.brainpop.com/ | It has a variety of subjects with videos, games, and even worksheets. | 3rd -12th | Science, Social Studies, Math, English, Engineering and Tech., Art and Music, Health | 3. https://www.khanacademy.org/welcome | There is a variety of subjects and videos on this site. | K-Beyond High School | Math, Science, Economics and Finance, ArtsRead MoreMath Lesson Plan On My Student Teaching Experience809 Words   |  4 PagesDescription: What is/are the artifact(s)? The artifacts are both math lesson plans used during my student teaching experience. The first artifact is a math lesson plan on coins. The other artifact is a math lesson plan on telling time. The lessons are developmentally appropriate for a 3rd- 5th autism support classroom and focus on math common core standards. The math common core standards are: CC.2.4.2.A.3: Solve problems using coins and paper currency with appropriate symbols. 2.CC.2.4.2.A.2: TellRead MoreEssay on Congrats: You Gained Loot and Experience1601 Words   |  7 Pages Video games are popular electronic games that people are able to manipulate images on the screen using a computer platform and are wildly fun to play everywhere in the world. It started simply out as a black-white TV projector 2D image game for free-time to a complex high-definition colored 3D-images world-wide popular phenomenon popularity with people of all ages, especially children and adults, around the world. However, there have been research about the negative impact of playing video gamesRead MoreVideo Games Are Not Responsible For Creating Social And Emotional Problems1711 Words   |  7 Pagessubjects, and there are heavy debates about them. One of these debatable subjects is video games. Video games have been an issue for a long time now. Do they or do they not create social and/or emotional problems? Personally, I think that video games are a really big issue. Video games create social and emotional problems, leading to a significant rise in violence among children and adults. Others argue that video games are not responsible for creating social or emotional problems and can instead helpRead MoreThe Dangers Of Video Games1342 Words   |  6 PagesPlaying video games has become a popular activity for people of all ages (Cunningham). Video games have become very sophisticated and realistic. Video games are dangerous for children and teenagers, when video games were first made available to consumers and brought into homes it was to serve the purpose of entertainment. Video games could be dangerous but they could also be very educational. This research paper will explore the history, controversial aspect, people involved and possibleRead MoreVideo Games And Its Effects On The Classroom929 Words   |  4 Pagesnotable one being a kid’s obsession with video games, spending hours glued to the monitor. Instead of fighting it, educators around the nation are accepting and adopting the video game interest to their classrooms. Many may argue that videogames are a distraction and are too violent, however, if implemented in school systems the games used will be safe and focused around the core subject. Otherwise, â€Å"there are teachers out there that are interested in leveraging game for learning, they re not alone.†

According Narmada Free Essays

According to the government, the Sardar Sarovar Dam will do the following: Provide safe drinking water to 30 million people Irrigate 4. million hectares of land Produce 550 megawatts of power Provide 1,300 cubic-meters of water per yr. or municipal and industrial purposes Provide a drainage system to carry away floodwaters It will also take the land of 320,000 people http://www. We will write a custom essay sample on According Narmada or any similar topic only for you Order Now narmada. org/maps/nvdp. ]pg The Sardar Sarovar Dam The cost of the project was estimated at $200 million, actual cost is $450 million Investors are the World Bank until 1993 (when they withdrew), Gov. of Gujarat (state where the Sardar Sarovar dam is located) and S. Kumars (India’s leading textile companies) It will displace 180,000 more than projected and affect 700,000 livelihoods India’s History with Dams According to the World Commission on dams: Over the last 50 years, India has built more than 1500 large dams. 70% of the irrigation projects are still incomplete 16 million Indian people have been forced from their homes because of these dams. % of these people were not ‘rehabilitated’ Picture of a village, now an island http://www. narmada. org/images/satyagraha2003/sat7. J Opponents Dalits and Adivasi (indigenous people). In accordance to their caste system they are ‘untouchables’. Many of these people are uneducated and very few can read and write. Narmada Bachao Andolan, the Save the Narmada Movement (NBA). The movement started in 1986 when the World Bank ent India $450 million for the Sardar project. It was started by a social worker named Medha Patkar. She is the representative for the NBA movement. Medha Patkar http://www. narmada. org/domkhedi. submergence. pictures. tml Arundhati Roy; Booker Prize-winning author supporter of the Save the Narmada Movement; wrote a book about the Dams in India called ‘The Greater Common Good’. Baba Amte; a social worker whose work with leprosy has earned him much respect in the country among the tribal people and government officials. â€Å"Nobody builds Big Dams to provide drinking water to rural people. Nobody can afford to. â€Å"There’s a lot of money in poverty . † A rundhati Roy Proponents Indian Government supports the building of dams. The World Bank supported the Sardar Sarovar Dam Project and loaned India $450 million. They withdrew from the project after an independent review confirmed social and environmental impacts were increasing. The Supreme Court of India has ruled on the Sardar Sarovar Dam. In 1995 they suspended work on the dam because the height exceeded the amount originally planned, 75m. In 1999 they ordered work to continue up to the height of 85m. Then in Oct 18, 2000 they ruled in favor of uilding the Sardar Sarovar despite global Mr Vyas, Gujarat’s Minister for Narmada Irrigation. â€Å"l think this is a civil engineering marvel. â€Å"If you have to sacrifice a little bit of your own for the good of society, do it gladly, willingly, smilingly† â€Å"We have given them the best and put them in the bracket which belongs to the best people. How to cite According Narmada, Papers

Julus Caesar Analysis of Caesar Essay Example For Students

Julus Caesar Analysis of Caesar Essay Essay on Caesar In Shakespeare’s play of â€Å"Caesar† Brutus is a conspirator who portrays a person who favors a republic for Rome. Brutus is an honorable man. Many characters in the play show there reverence for Brutus. Brutus exemplifies his honor in many ways. Brutus is obsequious when he is needed to abet his fellow romans. Brutus is an honorable man. â€Å"Am I entreated to Speak and Strike? O Rome I make thee promise, If the redress will follow, then receivest thy full petition at the hand of Brutus† (Shakespeare 397). Brutus will obey to whatever the romans convey to him. Consequently, Brutus joins the conspiracy inorder to help the romans rid rome of Caesar. Brutus also understands that he is putting it all on the line for his romans, therefore Brutus is an honorable man. Brutus is a scrupulous man, whose virtues endure. â€Å"No not an oath, If not by the face of men, the sufferance of our souls, the time’s abuse-If these motives be weak, break off betimes, and every men hence to his idle bed; So let high sighted tyranny rage on, till each man drop by lottery† (Shakespeare 399). Brutus said that if the conspirators do not join for a common cause, then there is no need for an oath because the conspirators are self-righteous, and they are serving the romans. If the conspirators don’t bind together, then each man will go his own way, become a weakling, and die when it suits the tyrants caprice. Brutus is advocates peace, freedom and liberty, for all romans, which shows that Brutus is an altruistic as well as an honorable man. Brutus also had a compassion for Caesar when he had killed Caesar. â€Å"If then that a friend demand why Brutus rose against Caesar, this is my answer: Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more† (Shakespeare 421). Brutus had honored Caesar but Brutus felt that Caesar was to ambitious. Brutus also felt that Caesar made the romans as slaves. Therefore, Brutus is an honorable man. Brutus is a noble man who was revered by many. Brutus had joined the conspiracy because he had the desire to help the commoners. He was a follower of idealism, where the romans would possess peace, liberty and freedom. Brutus wanted the kill Caesar, because he believed that all of the people of Rome would eventually be slaves, thus Brutus resorted to the assassination if Caesar. Brutus is a honorable man. Marcus Brutus was a good friend to Julius Caesar, but not goodenough. He had moral values dealing with Rome and its people. Brutus’values then made him join a conspiracy against Caesar put together byCassius. Brutus joined this mainly because he didn’t want Caesar toturn his back on Rome so there would be a reasonable reason forkilling Caesar. If Brutus wasn’t in the play, there would be noâ€Å"Tragedy† in The Tragedy of Julius Caesar.

Bycatch Essay Example

Bycatch Essay Bycatching is when fishermen only concentrate on few fish species with the high commercial value such as salmon, tuna, and flounder, while other species are unintentionally caught and then discarded. â€Å"Particularly the Northeast and Western Pacific and in American legislation Bycatch means species/sizes/sexes of fish which are discarded,† (2008, July 29). The FAO Corporate Document Repository (2000) stated, â€Å"Majority of these catches, however, originates from the Sicilian Channel during high summer, being due to trawlers based in Sicily† (para. 0). My plan is to sustain by reducing the amount of Bycatch and developing uses for the Bycatch that remains. Making sure that the community agrees with me, which we can stop killing off the different species in the ocean or find a better use of the animals’ remains when they do can them. Develop a program with activities and their affects, schedule a presentation day and time, invite the people or participants in the community, and research the effects of Bycatches. Meaning we have to address the problem Bycatching is causing to the people or other species. In the meantime there will be some people thinking that is alright to catch these different species, so that they will not be in danger when they are out in the ocean. While the other people wishing that they would stop killing these animals for just the money. How could someone just do it for the money? That is the main question they are asking others. People go around saying, â€Å"they are going to kill each other anyway and they are doing them a favor Bycatching. Every living creature should be treated as if they were human like the people in the surrounding community. They do not see how it will affect the other animals by throwing the remains back into the ocean. Not knowing they are affecting the water, which might leave the other animals sick or they began to die off one by one. For example, Sea turtles, dolphins, seals, whales, and other aquatic organisms are accidentally caught and killed in addition to the target fish. We will write a custom essay sample on Bycatch specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Bycatch specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Bycatch specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer According to the plan my challenges are as follow; the fishermen are trying to catch the different fish such as salmon, tuna, and flounder; while their nets are in the water they do not intend to catch the sea creatures such as dolphins, sea turtles, et cetera. The limitations many nations extended their limits of jurisdiction to 320 km (200 mi) offshore. Which we can only do so much about the fishermen accidently or intentionally catch sea turtles, dolphins, seals, et cetera. They will have to implicate the other people who intend to elp out with the plan. This action removed most fisheries from international use, because more than 90 percent of the world’s fisheries are harvested in fairly shallow waters close to land. This policy was supposed to prevent overharvesting by allowing nations to regulate the amounts of fishes and other seafood harvested from their waters. However, many countries also have a policy of open management, in which all fishing boats of that country ar e given unrestricted access to fishes in national waters. My plan will not put the fishermen out of a job, but to ensure that they are trying to watch out for catching the endanger species in their nets. If the fishermen did not have a job the people in the community will not be able to eat the fish and this may cause a riot or protest against them for trying to Bycatching. This will have scientist out of jobs also, because they are studying the species and how they are important. People would not know about these different species if they were not caught at all, which would have left everyone speechless. For example, people were to get attacked by or came in contact with these species. They would not know what to do or what it was. My plan will not only save, reduce Bycatching, and find something to do with the remains but help the community. References Bycatch. (2008, July 29). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 15:29, August 10, 2008, from http://en. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? title=Bycatcholdid=228538447 FAO Corporate Document Repository. (2000). THE IMPACT OF FISHING ON VULNERABLE GROUPS AND HABITATS. Retrieved August 10, 2008, from http://www. fao. org/docrep/007/y5594e/y5594e04. htm#TopOfPage

101 Exam Review Professor Ramos Blog

101 Exam Review Prejudice Quick Write What have we learned about Diversity? Prejudice Exam Review In small groups, come up with 3-4 lessons, readings, activities, etc. that helped you improve the most as a writer. Also, one reading that we should get rid of, if any. Questions to answer for exam review. What was the best lesson? What was the best reading? What was the hardest essay? What lesson helped you learn the most? What reading taught you something new? What was the worst lesson? What was the worst reading? What was the hardest reading? What was your favorite part of the class? What was your least favorite part of the class? Final Exam The final exam will be posted tonight on Canvas. You can take it in class on Wednesday or anytime before that on Canvas.

The Transforming Power of Suffering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Transforming Power of Suffering - Essay Example   At the time that this poem is written, Milton is one of the greatest writers of England, and this horrible condition called blindness is about to end his career, thus rendering him useless, much like the talent in the Bible which the third man buries and eventually becomes the reason for God to punish him (Matt. 25:26-30, The New International Version). For the poet, it seems that being blind is being useless, and being useless is tantamount to preparing oneself to get punished. This is the true cause of Milton’s suffering as he is writing this poem. ... H. Lawrence’s â€Å"The Blind Man.† In the story, Maurice secretly struggles with his blindness by keeping himself busy with daily chores on the farm: â€Å"He milked the cows, carried in the pails [and] attended to the pigs and horses† (Lawrence). These are actually a few things that a normal blind man can never get himself to do. Nevertheless, Maurice seems to be pushing himself to do these tasks. Why? The reason is one that he reveals to Bertie toward the end of the story: â€Å"What I am afraid of†¦is that [my wife Isabel will] find me a dead weight [and that] I feel it isn’t fair she’s saddled with me† (Lawrence). Maurice, therefore, just like the poet Milton, feels the same kind of suffering particularly because of their fear of being useless. Nevertheless, what Jernigan states – that â€Å"the blind tend to see [themselves] as others see [them]† (4) – is somehow true as most blind people tend to suffer only un til they realize that suffering brings them the gifts of humility, compassion, and hope. The virtue of humility is evident in the following lines of Milton’s â€Å"On His Blindness†: â€Å"†¦though my soul more bent/ To serve therewith my Maker, and present My true account, lest He returning chide† (Milton 4-6). In these lines of the poem, the poet himself admits that although he is ready to serve God, he has no choice but to humbly admit his â€Å"true account† – his actual circumstances or the fact that he is blind and that he cannot do anything about it. Indeed, humility is all about mustering enough courage to admit the true state of things and at the same time admitting one’s helplessness in the face of it.  

Issues in Criminal Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Issues in Criminal Justice - Essay Example behaviour of the defendant, illegal possession of drugs, presence of drug in school and secretly carrying drug with approval or knowledge of the school administrator. The Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 "enacted the 100-to-1 quantity sentencing powder cocaine"; the law is strong enough to suggest the award of sentence. As per law, "possession of drugs i.e. cocaine is liable to five-year mandatory minimum prison sentence", the quantity specified in the law is 500 grams of powder cocaine. As per gathered evidence there is no law, which can protect the defendant from the imprisonment sentence (Martin, 2002). The serious offence committed by the defendant is much beyond the possession of cocaine. The defendant possessed cocaine at a location which is considered to be righteous place. The possession of cocaine at schools and public location is serious offence than simple possession of cocaine. The important element relevant to this case also includes the non-availability of any argument, excuse or reason by the defendant which shall rescue her against the violation. As per American Behaviour-Law, no one stands above the law enforcement agencies. The instruction of law enforcement agencies is binding, and any violation shall be considered unacceptable. The defendant misbehaved with the police officer, the defendant was abusive and her act of throwing bag towards the officer was sign of disrespect. As per law, the defendant shall be either send for voluntary service, if not she shall be counselled, and any such action in future shall be deemed intolerable, and the defendant can be taken into custody as per law. The law suggests that the defendant has no right to protest in front of police; however the defendant had the right to request the presence of her lawyer during investigation. From the quoted incident, it is evident that the behaviour of the police officer towards the defendant was normal and acceptable, therefore the response of the defendant towards

Quantum Dots For Drug Delivery Biology Essay

Quantum Dots For Drug Delivery Biology Essay A drug delivery system can be defined as the mechanism for the introduction of drug and other therapeutic agents into the body for treating any disease. An ideal drug delivery system possesses two elements: (1) the ability to target -to ensure high efficiency and reduce the side effects, (2) controlled drug release (3) prevention of side effects [8]. Using nanomaterials for drug delivery NDD (nanoparticle drug delivery) has the following advantages: reduced drug toxicity better penetration of the particles different delivery routes minimizes the irritant reactions improved bio-availability and increased circulation time controlled drug release and targeting It is one of the Green Technology methods as the focus is on minimizing the hazard side effects and maximizing the efficiency of any chemical (drug) of choice and replacing the existing products with new nanoparticles that are friendly throughout their lifecycle[8],[7]. QUANTUM DOTS FOR NDDS: NDDS means Nanoparticle Drug Delivery System. A system with high sensitivity, large resolution, and low cost is needed for the maintenance of drug delivery i.e. to check the nanocarrier distribution, drug release and degradation inside the body. Quantum Dots are highly suitable for such systems.[1] The important characteristics of Quantum dots which make them suitable for drug delivery systems are: small size, versatility of surface chemistry to incorporate various drugs, unique optical properties for real time monitoring of drug transport and release both at systemic and cellular levels. These Quantum Dots can be used as carriers by integrating with many drugs and also used as tags for other drug carriers. [6] WHY QUANTUM DOTS One of the important reasons why Quantum Dots are preferred is that it can be used for the traceable drug delivery as it has the potential to elucidate the pharmacokinetics (what the body does to the drug) and pharmacodynamics (what the drug does to the body) of drug when it is introduced into our body [6]. Using QDs will be a combination of unique physical, chemical, and optical properties which helps to study the interactions of these nanocarriers with biological systems through real-time monitoring and calculating the biodistribution of nanoparticle, drug release, intracellular uptake and degradation [5]. Comparing to the conventional imaging techniques like MRI and PET, the optical imaging using Quantum Dots is highly sensitive with high resolution and at very cheap cost which will automatically lead to the reduction of time involved in the development of new drug and many discoveries in the field [6]. ADVANTAGES OF USING QDs Optical imaging with high resolution, high sensitivity, multiplexing, and low cost Small size which leads to less amount of drug usage and low drug toxicity Versatile surface chemistry, Improved bioavailability and delivery of drug in a controlled and sustained manner Decreased incidence of side effects and improve patient compliance Comparing other conventional probes, QDs are more resistant which allows tracking cell processes for longer periods of time and which will lead to discovery of new molecular interactions Quantum dots have size dependant emission which can be modified according to our requirement (from UV to IR range) Fluorescence is seen for longer time when compared to conventional dyes. The extremely small size gives them great flexibility by allowing them using different delivery routes eg. they can be injected as liquid mixtures, fabrics, and polymer.[7] PROPERTIES OF QDs Some of the properties of Quantum Dots that are used to examine nanocarrier behavior in biological systems are: ([2], [5],[7]) Small size: size maybe around 2-10 nm in diameter that enables tagging of drug/carriers. Single or multi-component systems can be labeled for tracing and monitoring Surface chemistry: compatibility with various drug carriers integrating a wide range of nanoparticle drug carrier system. Emission profile: identifying quantum dots by its sharp narrow emission peak allows simultaneous observation of multiple nanocarriers within a same system. High brightness: detection of QDs inside body facilitates the tracing of nanocarriers in vivo. High photostability: QDs are more resistant to photobleaching that enables long term real time tracking. QUANTUM DOTS AS NANOCARRIERS Quantum Dots are considered as carriers and the therapeutic drug molecules are directly linked to them to be delivered to the target sites. Here it serves as both vehicle carrying the drug and tracing probe used for the real time monitoring. In drug delivery, size of the Quantum Dots is considered as a very important parameter. The size of QDs varies from 2 10 nm, and it increases to 5 20 nm in diameter after drug encapsulation. It should be noted that QDs of size smaller than 5 nm are removed in the process of renal filtration and those particles bigger is size have problems in penetrating through the tissues and many bigger particles are wiped out before they could reach their destination. Another important characteristics of QDs to be considered for drug delivery is the ratio of surface-to-volume. If this ratio is high then multiple carriers can be linked on single QDs without changing the average diameter of the nanocarrier system. Thus the ratio of surface-to-volume should be high. Fig.1 A Multifunctional Quantum Dot coated with Amphiphillic Polymer [6] The above figure illustrates that QD acts as core structural hydrophobic scaffold and the amphiphillic polymer is coated outside the core. The drug molecules which are hydrophobic in nature are embedded between the core and the polymer coating. And those hydrophilic therapeutic molecules can be incorporated on the amphiphillic coating. Multiple layers of ligands can be linked in subsequent layers not directly linked to the QD core but to the previous layers of coating and is controlled by them. These nanocarriers also protect the therapeutic molecule or proteins used from the bodys own immune system defense mechanism by encapsulating them within themselves. [6] Yamomoto et al did research on using quantum dots to treat stroke in and reported that the nanocarriers QD captopril conjugates were capable of lowering blood pressure in rats. But it was not known whether the therapeutic effect of lowering pressure was due to the conjugate or the detached drug from the quantum dots. [6]. Not only drugs, other therapeutic molecules like small interfering RNA, oligodeoxynucleotide and biomolecules e.g. antibodies, peptides can also be incorporated into the nanocarriers. siRNA delivery using quantum dots was reported by Bhatia et al. siRNA moleculeas were successfully delivered using targeted nanocarriers because of the size similarity between QDs and siRNA. Whereas larger molecules like plasmid will require many QDs for successful delivery. [6] Mn-doped ZnS Qds encapsulated with glycopolypeptide were fabricated for the drug delivery. Characterization and in vitro studies were done to prove the low cytotoxicity of the nanocarriers and it was good effort for the targeted drug delivery [4]. QUANTUM DOTS AS TAGS FOR OTHER DRUG CARRIERS Due to the unique properties of Quantum Dots, they are used as tags to label other drug carriers and are used as traceable drug delivery. The high photostability helps in the real time tracking of the nanocarrier inside the body. Therefore strong fluorescence signal indicates higher uptake of drug by the cells. The wavelength of the emitted signal depends on the size of the Quntum Dots used. Thus it is very specific to the QDs and thereby simultaneous nanocarriers can be used and the signals can be easily identified. Chen et al. reported about their work of siRNA delivery with QD conjugated with Lipofectamine. The results showed that fluorescence intensity of QD is proportional to the degree of silencing i.e. if lipoplex uptake is more than the fluorescence will be stronger. [6] Another work done by Zhang et al. reported the synthesis of QD-chitosan conjugate nanobeads for the delivery of siRNA. It was successfully traced because of the conjugation with QDs. [6] Amphipol nanocpmplex were prepared for the real time imaging of siRNA by Lifeng et al. it was delivered intracellularly and imaged in a real time pattern. [12] SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION There are many ways of preparing Quantum Dots. Some of the noted process of fabricating QDs are Lithography, Colloidal synthesis, Epitaxial methods, some chemical methods [2],[10]. Generally NDDS is prepared in the following steps: Nowadays many non-toxic semiconductor QDs are used for the drug delivery. Consider for example ZnO. It is a non-toxic semiconductor when compared to other Quantum Dots such as CdS, CdTe. These QDs can be combined with biocompatible and biodegradable polymer to increase the stability and non-immunogenicity of the nanocarriers. It also shields the nanocarriers from the interference of other interacting molecules inside biological environment. Chitosan is a natural copolymer which on encapsulation enhances the quantum dots properties like solubility in water, metal chelation and easy processing and biocompatibility [3]. Characterization studies like TEM, UV-VIS, PL spectroscopy, FTIR, Drug release response test are done after the synthesis. TEM is used to find out the size range of the fabricated QD. PL and PLE spectra give information about the emission spectra. FTIR confirms the incorporation of the drug into the QD and Drug release response test gives the amount of drug released and tells about the type of drug delivery. [10], [3]. CONCLUSION: Quantum Dots will be the future of drug delivery systems if the only drawback has been eliminated. The only disadvantage in using Quantum Dots is their long term toxicity. This can be overcome by replacing the core of the QD with biocompatible agents like gold or magnetic nanoparticles which offers a unique combination of therapy like magnetofection and photothermal treatment. Recent studies show that quantum dots to be safe on primates [9]. Quantum Dots will be a powerful tool to diagnose and treat cancer [11]. Thus quantum dots will become the new era of drug delivery.

The Effects of Drinking Behavior on College Students

The Effects of Drinking Behavior on College Students’ Academic Performance Abstract This study investigated the relationship between college students’ academic performance and their drinking behaviors. It was hypothesized that higher alcohol intake levels would be related to lower GPA. In the experiment, 28 Psychology students took an online survey which examined their level of alcohol intake in reference to their current grades. Current grades were measured by GPA and alcohol intake was based upon self-reported drinking frequency.Previous research supports the idea that poor academic performance is related to high alcohol intake. Background research supports the proposed hypothesis; however, the results found that alcohol intake had no significant relationship with academic performance. The Effects of Drinking Behavior on College Students’ Academic Performance One who attends a college or university will at some point engage in the consumption of alcohol. It can be viewed as the college life, which is becoming a major issue on campuses.This is an issue because it is our country’s responsibility to ensure that undergraduate studies encourage increase knowledge and not discourage it. The environment of school in general may be too relaxed and peer behavior and pressures contribute to behavior that may be detrimental to one’s college career. Undergraduate studies should be a gateway to even higher learning and not a hindrance. The growing concern about this issue can be gauged by the national new media coverage of heavy drinking.Recent developments in government, higher education, and the public health community have led to greater public awareness and policies to address the problem (Lewis, 2005). It has been found that students; who participated in binge drinking drank or had a hangover more than once a week and had lower grade point averages (Taylor, Johnson, Voas & Turrisi, 2006). In addition, it was noted that most students who did not enjoy learning or attending class; consumed alcohol at least once a month (Taylor, Johnson, Voas & Turrisi, 2006).Previous research has supported the hypothesis that higher alcohol intake is correlated with poor academic support. This study is unique because I wanted to see if this was true on a smaller scale. I decided to conduct a study at Old Dominion University using a sample of Psychology students. Though it has been found that poor academic performance is related to large alcohol consumption, I wanted to explore this finding on the campus of Old Dominion. Several studies have examined the effect of drinking behaviors and how they may be detrimental to college academic life.A national survey of nearly 37,000 students at 66 four-year institutions revealed a strong negative relationship between alcohol consumption and grades. Students with an A average consumed a little more than three drink per week, B students had almost five drinks, C students more than six, and D or F students reported nine drinks (Taylor, Johnson, Voas & Turrisi, 2006) Vaisman-Tzachor, R. , & Lai, J. (2008). According to the results of the research conducted, these students were unable to maintain higher GPAs because of the amount of regular alcohol consumption.In the current study, we explored the relationship between drinking behavior and academic performance. It was hypothesized that students who participated in drinking activities on a regular basis would not receive satisfactory grades. Participants were asked to complete an online survey that was administered via www. surveygizmo. com. Each participant was expected to answer truthfully to each question in order to determine the amount of alcohol usage in relation to their academic performance.In study conducted by Croom and colleagues, it was found that prior knowledge regarding alcohol was not found to have a significant effect on alcohol related behaviors. In this study the control group, college freshman, were giv en a survey and knowledge test during the summer prior to the start of college. The experimental group received the survey in addition to an online course, and final exam (Croom et al. , 2009). In another study, it was found that a positive correlation existed between personality and alcohol use.Personality characteristics that were considered included: openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism. In addition, the study also found that there was a negative relationship between alcohol use and grade point average. As alcohol use increased the grade point averages of student’s decreased (Musgrave, Bromley, & Dalley, 1997). A study by Robert Crosnoe found that alcohol use increased with the failure of a course. Course failure was a greater predictor of alcohol use then was alcohol use a predictor of later course failure (Crosnoe, 2006). Method ParticipantsTwenty-seven Psychology students from Old Dominion University participated in this study. Participants were a warded extra credit for their participation. Materials A self-developed survey was used to study continuous drinking behavior and to monitor how much one drinks in comparison to his/her current academic achievement. The goal of the measure of the study was to determine the relationship between regular alcohol consumption and academic performance. The measure of the relationship was based upon the survey containing questions such as, â€Å"Have you ever had a hangover? † and â€Å"Do you enjoy learning? The survey was administered through online survey host website www. surveygizmo. com. The goal was to ask students indirectly about alcohol consumption in relation to their grades without telling them exactly what the survey was about. Alcohol intake was measured by the self-reported amount of drinks and drinking frequency. There were 19 questions altogether. Most questions were based upon a one to five scale, with one being the least in agreement and five being the most in ag reement. Some questions required yes or no responses and others had fill-in-the-blank options.Some of the ideas that I wanted the participants to explore were their true drinking behaviors, frequencies, and habits. I wanted to present the questions in such a way that the participant would voluntarily describe their habits without holding anything back. My overall goal was to observe through answers the amount of alcohol consumption in respect to grades. Asking about attitudes toward school and eventually progressing to actual grade representation, allowed me to compare alcohol usage to behavior toward school.Everything regarding school including but not limited to attitude toward it, grades while attending college, and immediate past test score should have either been parallel with consumption or negatively correlated. Procedure Each participant was responsible for taking a 19 question survey. The survey’s overall level of difficulty was easy. It did not require anyone to par ticipate longer than 5 minutes. They were asked a series of multiple choice and fill in the blank answers. Each participant was expected to answer truthfully. All 28 students were required to answer each question because it was mandatory.Before participation began everyone had to consent to participation, and afterward everyone was thanked and given extra credit by the participating professor. Results A Pearson’s Product-Moment correlation was used to determine the relationship between current grades (M = 3. 44) and drinking frequency (M = 3. 07). Results of this analysis showed that there was not a significant relationship between the two variables (r = . 11, p>05). Discussion The research conducted has verified the null hypothesis which concluded drinking does not have negative effect on academics.Most students who willingly participated in the survey responded that drinking at a high frequency or binged drinking did not adversely affect their grades. These findings are con trary to most acceptable research on alcohol being a negative correlate of academic failure. A survey was administered with questions requiring honesty about drinking habitats and academic performance. Questions were related directly to the topic and others were field questions. Mandatory questions were asked such as GPA and alcohol consumption on a monthly or daily basis. These key questions played a vital role in the outcome of the study.In the hypothesis it was proposed that drinking would have a negative effect on academics. In previous research, the correlation of drinking and class attendance had been shown to be to be within the realms of the stated hypothesis. When students consume alcohol it was related to negative academic performance. However, the outcome of the survey resulted in information that was quite opposite to the research conducted in the given survey. According to the survey used in the current study, there was no significant relationship between alcohol consum ption and acquired GPA.Most students who willingly participated in the survey responded that drinking at a high frequency or binge drinking did not adversely affect their grades. These findings are contrary to most acceptable research on alcohol being a negative correlate of academic failure. Previous research showed that students at four year collegiate universities are likely to consume alcohol. A national survey of 37,000 students at sixty-six four year institutions hypothesized that there would be a strong negative relationship between alcohol consumption and grades.In this study, students were asked to report drinking behaviors, and reported a significant amount of alcohol use. The study found that there was no significant relationship between alcohol use and grades (Jackson, 2006). This conclusion is similar to that of McAloon (1994), that higher levels of drinking were correlated with negative consequences, such as high rates of reported hangovers, driving under the influence , nausea or vomiting, suicide risk, and sexual assault. There was no significant relationship between drinking frequency and academic performance and one of the major confounds of this study was the sample itself.There were a plethora of issues surrounding the sample’s size and characteristics which could have led to results that turned out to be opposite of the hypothesis and previous background research studies that supported the hypothesis. There were only 28 participants in the study. There was not much diversity regarding the students’ demography. These 28 students were not randomly selected; rather, they were students working for the incentive of extra credit in the same class. It is very important to have diversity perspective in data because data can cover a wide variety of subjects.Diversity-centered research addresses different ethnicity, culture, sexuality, gender, age, disability, or a wide range of other perspectives (Lumby & Morrison, 2010). Information s uch as this would lead the average researcher to wonder if the results were skewed because of the lack of participation and the lack of diversity among the participants. Considering the idea that only observing one group of individuals (psychology majors) may distort results is enough to say that the results could have been different.Not having any participants outside of the major, with one exception, could lead one to believe that maybe Psychology students are just different. Maybe they are the exception to all of the previous background research. An assumption such as this could be considered a bit absurd, but there would be no way to assume anything contrary to this belief. The study did not include many others outside of the major. It would be safe to conclude that either Psychology students are the exception, or the researcher should have examined more students outside of the major to verify that this is no exception.Previous research suggests that alcohol and academia have a negative correlation. For example, college students who participated in the research study conducted by researchers in the Southwestern region of the United States found this statement and accurate depiction of the correlation between alcohol and academia. The study conducted found that most students who engaged in the consumption of alcohol had poor reflections when their grades were assessed and a high number engaged in drinking because of the collateral effects of having close people also engaging in this behavior. Hagman, Cohn, Noel, & Clifford, 2010). When there is a study performed that is disproving the above, it is important to make sure that there is no room for error or doubt. Examining only Psychology students and one Criminal Justice student was a large mistake. All but five of the participants were college seniors, and the remaining participants were fellow upperclassmen. Classification does not define level of maturation; however, it is possible that since the particip ants of this study were all upperclassmen they may be able to correctly conduct themselves in a manner that is not harmful to their everyday lives.Drinking frequency may have a larger effect on someone who is less mature about it and not willing to drink responsibly (Crosnoe, 2006). Lack of diversity among classification combined with participants’ ages being above the age of 21, contribute to the possibility that both may play a role in the idea that academic performance may not be in jeopardy due to alcohol intake after a certain point in life. Self-Report was also another major limitation of the study. As a researcher, no one should rely solely on the self-report of those participating in their study because level of accuracy is key.For instance, in the study done by a handful of researchers was conducted on the premises that students would be honest about their drinking habits when they enrolled in an alcohol awareness and preparation course. They discovered that most wer e not truthful and results were skewed and unreliable (Lewis, Marchell, Lesser, Reyna, & Kubicki-Bedford, 2009). One cannot assume that a person will not lie, forget, or make up what they need or want a researcher to believe. Unfortunately, the deception of the study was probably not enough to fool people into admitting exactly what their current rades were. Based upon previous research administered by Musgrave-Marquart, Bromley, and Daley (1997) it is unlikely to have â€Å"mostly A’s† and be intoxicated at least 3 times a week. The institution restriction and topic of discussion also served as confounds within the study. The use of only students from Old Dominion University from one specific classroom was a barrier to the results needed to prove the hypothesis. The topic of discussion can also be considered a sort of taboo. No one really wants to admit that they drink alcohol on a level that is not socially acceptable.Who really wants to say, â€Å"I’m an alc oholic. †? Not too many people are comfortable admitting that they are alcoholics to their selves, let alone complete strangers. At times, the topic can be difficult to speak about, and this could be a contribution to the results not being up to par with past research. Those who identified themselves as having a high tolerance for alcohol and abnormally frequent drinking behaviors still did not idenitfy themselves as alcoholics. These individuals skewed the survey and  showed that they could not  admit to what society thinks of as unacceptable (2003).Finally, the content of measure of the study made it more difficult to find results parallel to the hypothesis. One of the larger confounds of the study was gathering information through a self-reported survey only. My determinant was a 19 question survey with questions that were not of good quality. Some of the questions were too definitive and did not leave room for individuality. Sometimes it can be harder for a person to i dentify with such specific categories if there is room for another category that is not listed.Results become an issue when a question from the content of measure (the survey) is mandatory but does not necessarily fully apply to the participant. If a participant happens to fall in between two options such as drinking once a week or more than three times a week, but the option is not available, that person will be forced to answer to the best of their ability instead of with the whole truth. This person may drink twice a week but because that is not an option, they will report drinking more or less than they actually do according to the study offering skewed results.The study cannot fulfill its true objective because of the lack of quality within the questions. This source explains how social drinking can turn into a lifestyle and the longitudinal survey collected data on drinking from August 2004 through November 2007. The longitudinal survey data that was collected can cover a larg e amount of data versus short-term data (Fromme, Wertherill, & Neal, 2010). For future directions, I would suggest that anyone conducting a study that is related to the relationship between alcohol and academic performance use a study that is longitudinal for the desired results to prove such a hypothesis.Most of the background research on this particular study has been performed over long periods of time with many diverse groups. There should be a more diverse sample with people attempting to find accurate results about such a topic. Different forms of administration would most certainly help researchers with correct findings. Researchers could use interviews, assessments, or even an evaluation to gather information about Researchers must not restrict themselves to only one form of administration of their tests. There are other ways to gather personal information in an ethical manner.Instead of using a survey to cover all of the information, maybe researchers could use a questionna ire that screens alcohol usage only and then ask students to submit their grades. The questions that were asked were very vague and broad. For example, â€Å"What are your currents grades like? † could have been more useful if the options were more specific instead of â€Å"Mostly A’s† or â€Å"Mostly B’s†. A future researcher should focus on the questions’ style content and quality vs. quantity. I would also suggest that when conducting such a study in the future that there is a better measure of honesty.A researcher could find an ethical way to verify grades such as report cards or a transcript. There are many ways to verify concrete information such as current grades. Progress reports or past report cards (if applicable) can be considered verification of some of the answers provided in such a study. The benefit of using a progress report or a transcript to report concrete information is that there is no room for error report. It could als o increase the willingness to report truthful drinking behavior if the participant is not asked any questions about their personal performance and personal lifestyle simultaneously.The most important thing that should be considered if this study were to be repeated would be the content of measure. Accurate research results often require more than one content of measure. One cannot possibly know all there is to discover about a relationship between two factors if there is only one definitive determining factor. It would be beneficial for there to be more than one way to find out information. More specific questions and verified responses should be created for participants and researchers alike to ensure that the most accurate results are produced.In this study the relationship between alcohol intake and academic performance was measured by administration of a survey which asked about whether or not drinking habits had any significant behavior on academic performance. The survey asked questions about students’ typical drinking behavior and current and cumulative grades to define the relationship between the two. It was expected that we would find patterns for people who drink more to have lower grades, and the people who drank less were expected to have higher grades.The results found that there was no significant relationship between drinking frequency and academic performance. Previous research suggests that there is a strong negative relationship between the two. It appears that in this study we may have a false null hypothesis. The study did not find the desired results, but if performed correctly on another occasion, there should be no doubt that the results will support the hypothesis. It appears that colleges may have to implement harsher sanctions for students who cannot remain up to par academically.This may serve as motivation for these students not to attend college for the wrong reasons. Although the results of this particular study do not dem onstrate the idea that drinking alcohol has an adverse effect on academia, previous research suggests otherwise. Maybe if the atmosphere of college and the stereotype of college was not surrounded by the idea of alcohol, students would be more reluctant to pursue higher education without responsible attitudes. I would suggest that all universities place guidelines on the amount of partying for at least the first few years of students’ college careers.I would suggest that these colleges keep a close watch on the younger students specifically. Based upon the study, I would suggest that stricter guidelines be placed on college students who are not excelling in academics because of personal behavior. References Bingham, C. , Barretto, A. , Walton, M. , Bryant, C. , Shope, J. , & Raghunathan, T. (2010). Efficacy of a web-based, tailored, alcohol prevention/intervention program for college students: Initial findings. Journal of American College Health,  58(4), 349-356. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database.Croom, K. , Lewis, D. , Marchell, T. , Lesser, M. , Reyna, V. , Kubicki-Bedford, L. , et al. (2009). Impact of an Online Alcohol Education Course on Behavior and Harm for Incoming first-Year College Students: Short-Term Evaluation of a Randomized Trial. Journal of American College Health,  57(4), 445-454. Retrieved from Psychology and Behavioral sciences Collection database. Crosnoe, R. (2006). The Connection Between Academic Failure and Adolescent Drinking in secondary School. Sociology of Education,  79(1), 44-60. Retrieved from Academic search Complete database. Fromme, K. Wetherill, R. R. , & Neal, D. J. (2010). Turning 21 and the Associated Changes in drinking and Driving after Drinking among College Students. Journal of American college Health, 59(1), 21-27. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Hagman, B. , Cohn, A. , Noel, N. , & Clifford, P. (2010). Collateral Informant Assessment in alcohol Use Research Involving College Students. Journal of American College health,  59(2), 82-90. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database. Jackson, K. M. , Sher, K. J. , & Park, A. (2006). Drinking among college students: consumption and consequences.In:  Galanter  M, ed. Recent Developments in Alcoholism: Research  on alcohol Problems in Adolescents and Young Adults. 2nd ed. New York: Springer; 2006;17:85-117. Lamis, D. , Ellis, J. , Chumney, F. , & Dula, C. (2009). Reasons for Living and Alcohol Use among College Students. Death Studies,  33(3), 277-286. doi:10. 1080/07481180802672017. Lewis, T. (2005). Readiness to Change, Social Norms, and Alcohol Involvement Among College students. Journal of Addictions & Offender Counseling,  26(1), 22-37. Retrieved from legal Collection database. Logan, D. , Kilmer, J. , & Marlatt, G. 2010). The Virtuous Drinker: Character Virtues as correlates and Moderators of College Student Drinking and Consequences. Journal of American College Health,  58(4), 317-324. Retrieved from Acade mic Search Complete database. Lumby, J. , & Morrison, M. (2010). Leadership and Diversity: Theory and Research. School Leadership & Management, 30(1), 3-17. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. McAloon, D. (1994). The effect of alcohol abuse on academic achievement on two-year campuses. Community College Review,  22(1), 12. Retrieved from Academic Search complete database. Musgrave-Marquart, D. Bromley, S. , & Dalley, M. (1997). 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Business Plan Bar & Grill Essay

This is a business plan. It does not imply an offering of securities. 1.0 Executive Summary1 Chart: Highlights2 1.1 Objectives2 1.2 Mission2 1.3 Keys to Success2 2.0 Company Summary3 2.1 Company Ownership3 2.2 Start-up Summary4 Table: Start-up4 3.0 Products and Services5 4.0 Market Analysis Summary6 4.1 Market Segmentation6 Table: Market Analysis7 Chart: Market Analysis (Pie)7 4.2 Target Market Segment Strategy7 4.3 Service Business Analysis8 4.3.1 Competition and Buying Patterns9 5.0 Web Plan Summary9 5.1 Website Marketing Strategy9 5.2 Development Requirements9 6.0 Strategy and Implementation Summary9 6.1 SWOT Analysis10 6.1.1 Strengths10 6.1.2 Weaknesses10 6.1.3 Opportunities10 6.1.4 Threats10 6.2 Competitive Edge10 6.3 Marketing Strategy11 6.4 Sales Strategy11 6.4.1 Sales Forecast12 Table: Sales Forecast12 Chart: Sales Monthly13 Chart: Sales by Year13 6.5 Milestones14 Table: Milestones14 7.0 Management Summary14 7.1 Personnel Plan14 Table: Personnel15 8.0 Financial Plan15 8.1 Start-up Funding16 Table: Start-up Funding16 8.2 Important Assumptions17 8.3 Break-even Analysis17 Table: Break-even Analysis17 Chart: Break-even Analysis17 8.4 Projected Profit and Loss18 Table: Profit and Loss18 Chart: Profit Monthly19 Chart: Profit Yearly19 Chart: Gross Margin Monthly20 Chart: Gross Margin Yearly20 8.5 Projected Cash Flow21 Table: Cash Flow21 Chart: Cash22 8.6 Projected Balance Sheet23 Table: Balance Sheet23 8.7 Business Ratios25 Table: Ratios25 Table: Sales Forecast1 Table: Personnel1 Table: Profit and Loss2 Table: Cash Flow3 Table: Balance Sheet5 1.0 Executive Summary [Company Name] Contact: [Name] Direct Phone: XXX-XXX-XXXX Address: [Address] [City, State ZIP] Email: [Email Address] Introduction The long-term goal of [Company Name] is to serve quality food, have outstanding customer service and run and maintain a cost efficient base without sacrificing quality. [Company Name]serves high quality food and beverages in an inviting and friendly atmosphere at reasonable prices. [Company Name] is expanding its exposure through effective marketing as well as introducing the area to market segments that have not yet discovered the Company. Location [Company Name]is headquartered in Dwight, North Dakota which is located in Dickey County. The [Company Name] will be located on the site of the original [Company Name], which was built in 1961. This location is a landmark that sets on Highway 1 and 11 along the James River. The [Company Name] is nested nicely near the South Dakota border between Ellendale and Oakes, ND. The Company [Company Name]is a steakhouse concept which will offer a comfortable, friendly atmosphere. The Company’s owner is [Name], who established the restaurant as a Limited Liability Corporation. [Name] has 15 years of industry experience as a bartender and 8 years of experience as a cook. [Company Name] will be open 5 days per week. Serving dinner Tuesday-Wednesday from 5:00 pm to 10:00 pm; on Thursday – Saturday dinner served from 5:00 pm to 11:00 pm. Furthermore, the restaurant will be open one (1) Sunday a month on trial basis. Lunch will be served from 11:00 am to 2:00 pm. The restaurant will also be set-up as an all you can eat buffet style restaurant. Our Services [Company Name]’s menu will feature char broiled steaks, chicken, shrimp, burgers and a variety of basket foods along with occasional weekend specials of prime rib and barbecued ribs. Beverages will include various beers, cocktails and non-alcoholic beverages. The Market [Company Name] will focus on local residents and anyone passing by who wants to enjoy a good meal in a comfortable, friendly, down home atmosphere. [Company Name]’s market segmentation scheme is fairly straightforward and focuses on the target market, Dickey County, North Dakota residents. These customers prefer certain services and quality of food and it’s the Company’s duty to deliver on their expectations. Financial Considerations The current financial plan for [Company Name] is to obtain grant funding in the amount of $350,000. The grant will be used to get acquisition of the property, contents and rights to the business. Chart: Highlights [pic] 1.1 Objectives [Company Name]has three main objectives: †¢ To serve quality food. †¢ To have outstanding customer service. †¢ To run and maintain a cost efficient base without sacrificing quality. 1.2 Mission [Company Name]’s mission is to serve high quality food and beverages in an inviting and friendly atmosphere at reasonable prices. 1.3 Keys to Success [Company Name]’s keys to success are location, quality service and delicious food. 2.0 Company Summary [Company Name]is headquartered in Dwight, North Dakota Contact: [Name] Direct Phone: XXX-XXX-XXXX Address: [Address] [City, State ZIP] Email: [Email Address] The [Company Name] is located in Dwight, North Dakota, which is one mile west of the city Ludden in Dickey County. The Company is a start-up restaurant, owned by [Name], who has 15 years of industry experience as a bartender and 8 years of experience as a cook. Additionally, [Name] has 10 years of experience as an Administrative Assistant. [Company Name]is a steakhouse concept which will offer a comfortable, friendly atmosphere. The menu will feature char broiled steaks, chicken, shrimp, burgers and a variety of basket foods along with occasional weekend specials of prime rib and barbecued ribs. Beverages will include various beers, cocktails and non-alcoholic beverages. The [Company Name] will be located on the site of the original [Company Name], which was built in 1961. This location is a landmark that sets on Highway 1 and 11 along the James River. The [Company Name] is nested nicely near the South Dakota border between Ellendale and Oakes, ND. [Company Name]will be open 5 days per week. Serving dinner Tuesday-Wednesday from 5:00 pm to 10:00 pm; on Thursday – Saturday dinner served from 5:00 pm to 11:00 pm. Furthermore, the restaurant will be open one (1) Sunday a month on trial basis. Lunch will be served from 11:00 am to 2:00 pm. The restaurant will also be set-up as an all you can eat buffet style restaurant. [Company Name]will be closed on New Year’s Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day. The lounge will be open Tuesday – Saturday from 5:00 pm to 1:00 am. The rest of business structure has not been identified as of date. There will be an attorney and accountant determined at a later date. 2.1 Company Ownership [Company Name]is a Limited Liability Corporation. The owner of the start-up restaurant is [Name], who has 100% ownership of the business. 2.2 Start-up Summary The following table and chart shows the start-up costs for [Company Name], LLC Table: Start-up |Start-up | | | | | |Requirements | | | | | |Start-up Expenses | | |Software (Cost/Inventory Control) |$500 | |Liquor/Food License (State/County) |$1,800 | |Inspections |$1,000 | |Supplies |$2,500 | |Utilities Deposit |$1,500 | |Legal & Accounting fees |$5,000 | |Propane Tank & 1st Fill |$3,000 | |Total Start-up Expenses |$15,300 | | | | |Start-up Assets | | |Cash Required |$0 | |Start-up Inventory |$26,000 | |Other Current Assets |$30,950 | |Long-term Assets |$329,800 | |Total Assets |$386,750 | | | | |Total Requirements |$402,050 | Chart: Start-up [pic] 3.0 Products and Services [Company Name]is a comfortable, inviting restaurant designed to make its customers feel at home. The dining side has a sizzling 48†³ gas powered grill and char boiler which will make all steaks to perfection. [Company Name] Menu: The following meals come with the customer’s choice of potato, baked, hash brown or fries. Meals also include a trip to the full salad bar! All steaks are hand cut daily and charbroiled to perfection. Steaks Choice Sirloin 10 oz †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ $13.75 House Sirloin 8 oz †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ $12.50 Petite Sirloin 6 oz †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ $9.75 Beef Tips-grilled or hand dipped in batter-deep fried†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ $12.50 Rib eye 12 oz†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. $16.25 Rib eye 10 oz †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ $14.75 Steak and Shrimp 6 oz sirloin steak with three deep fried shrimp †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ $15.50 Seafood Walleye dipped in batter and deep fried †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ $15.75 4 Jumbo shrimp served with tater sauce or red sauce†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. $13.50 Cod (Torsk)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ $11.50 Chicken  ¼ pc dinner†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ $11.50  ½ pc dinner†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ $13.50 Baskets All baskets served with fries or onion rings. Burgers are  ½ lb handmade served on toasted bun. Hamburger basket †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ $7.50 Cheese burger basket†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. $7.75 Burger basket served w/cheese, lettuce, onion, tomato†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ $8.50 Chicken Strip (4 pc) basket †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ $8.75 Chicken Drummies (6) basket †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ $8.75 Breaded Tip basket †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ $9.25 Appetizer Platter Chicken drummies, Onion rings, Cheese sticks, Mushrooms, Mini Egg Rolls. Served with Ranch Dressing†¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ $15.25 Beverages Coffee †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ $1.00 Tea †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ $1.00 Soda†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. $1.50 Milk†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ $1.50 4.0 Market Analysis Summary The U.S. restaurant industry, which consist of fast food, casual dining and upscale chains, is facing its toughest stretch in three decades. This is due to declining guest traffic, declining average check, and a decline in sales. To survive, restaurant operators will need to balance incentives and discounts with added value and brand enhancement. Steak restaurants comprise less than 5% of the total restaurant market. Service oriented steak houses have room to grow. Meat and potatoes are still what Americans want, and they want it with good service. [Company Name]will focus on local residents and anyone passing by who wants to enjoy a good meal in a comfortable, friendly, down home atmosphere. [Company Name] intends to cater to a wide group of people. The Company wants everyone to feel welcome and relaxed in a friendly atmosphere with a large menu selection. It is its goal to have the â€Å"most tender, tastiest steaks† in the area. [Company Name]has the services necessary to flourish within this industry. By delivering superior customer service, offering affordable prices and developing an outstanding reputation, [Company Name]’s potential is excellent. 4.1 Market Segmentation Individuals going out to spend good money on meals or beverages want a variety of items to choose from. Additionally, these individuals want to dine at an establishment with consistent business hours. [Company Name]will be more than willing to offer that to all customers who walk into the business. The Company wants to create an environment that is fun, friendly and comfortable with prices that are very competitive. Customers are the first priority. [Company Name]’s market segmentation scheme is fairly straightforward and focuses on the target market, Dickey County, North Dakota residents. These customers prefer certain services and quality of food and its Company’s duty to deliver on their expectations. The information contained in the market analysis table, displays [Company Name]’s main markets. All of [Company Name]’s clients will benefit from its delicious food, atmosphere and exceptional customer service. Table: Market Analysis |Market Analysis | | | | | | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | |Sales | | | | |Food |$259,480 |$275,049 |$291,552 | |Dining Beverage |$14,400 |$15,264 |$16,180 | |Bar Beverage |$30,928 |$32,784 |$34,751 | |Total Sales |$304,808 |$323,096 |$342,482 | | | | | | |Direct Cost of Sales | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | |Food |$90,800 |$96,248 |$102,023 | |Dining Beverage |$1,440 |$1,526 |$1,618 | |Bar Beverage |$9,588 |$10,163 |$10,773 | |Subtotal Direct Cost of Sales |$101,828 |$107,938 |$114,414 | Chart: Sales Monthly [pic] Chart: Sales by Year [pic] 6.5 Milestones In order to achieve the growth and marketing goals that have been outline in this business plan, [Company Name]has deadlines to meet and ideas to implement. Some of these are outlined below: 1. Obtain grant funding in the amount of $350,000 to improve business 2. Acquisition of the property, contents and rights to the business Table: Milestones |Milestones | | | | | | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | |Owner/Manager |$33,600 |$34,272 |$34,957 | |Head Cook |$16,800 |$17,136 |$17,479 | |Asst. Cook |$7,776 |$7,932 |$8,090 | |Head Waiter |$12,180 |$12,424 |$12,672 | |Waiters |$13,080 |$13,342 |$13,608 | |Bartenders |$8,352 |$8,519 |$8,689 | |Dishwashers |$6,264 |$6,389 |$6,517 | |Total People |14 |14 |14 | | | | | | |Total Payroll |$98,052 |$100,013 |$102,013 | 8.0 Financial Plan The current financial plan for [Company Name]is to obtain grant funding in the amount of $350,000. The grant will be used to get acquisition of the property, contents and rights to the business. The following sections of this plan will serve to describe [Company Name]’s financial plan in more detail: †¢ General Assumptions †¢ Break-even Analysis †¢ Profit and Loss †¢ Cash Flow †¢ Balance 8.1 Start-up Funding [Company Name]’s start-up costs are detailed in the Start-up Table. The following table shows how these start-up costs will be funded. Table: Start-up Funding |Start-up Funding | | |Start-up Expenses to Fund |$15,300 | |Start-up Assets to Fund |$386,750 | |Total Funding Required |$402,050 | | | | |Assets | | |Non-cash Assets from Start-up |$386,750 | |Cash Requirements from Start-up |$0 | |Additional Cash Raised |$0 | |Cash Balance on Starting Date |$0 | |Total Assets |$386,750 | | | | | | | |Liabilities and Capital | | | | | |Liabilities | | |Current Borrowing |$0 | |Long-term Liabilities |$0 | |Accounts Payable (Outstanding Bills) |$0 | |Other Current Liabilities (interest-free) |$0 | |Total Liabilities |$0 | | | | |Capital | | | | | |Planned Investment | | |Owner |$10,000 | |Outside Financing |$350,000 | |Additional Investment Requirement |$42,050 | |Total Planned Investment |$402,050 | | | | |Loss at Start-up (Start-up Expenses) |($15,300) | |Total Capital |$386,750 | | | | | | | |Total Capital and Liabilities |$386,750 | | | | |Total Funding |$402,050 | 8.2 Important Assumptions The table below presents the assumptions used in the financial calculations of this business plan. The average percent variable cost is estimated to be 33%. The estimated monthly fixed cost is $13,705. 8.3 Break-even Analysis For the break-even analysis, the monthly revenue needed to break-even is $20,581. The break-even analysis has been calculated on the â€Å"burn rate† of the Company. [Company Name]feels that this gives the investor a more accurate picture of the actual risk of the venture. Table: Break-even Analysis |Break-even Analysis | | | | | |Monthly Revenue Break-even |$20,581 | | | | |Assumptions: | | |Average Percent Variable Cost |33% | |Estimated Monthly Fixed Cost |$13,705 | Chart: Break-even Analysis [pic] 8.4 Projected Profit and Loss [Company Name]’s Pro Forma Profit and Loss statement was constructed from a conservative point-of-view, and is based in large part on past performance. The income for Year 1, Year 2 and Year 3 are $304,808, $323,096 and $342,482, respectively. The net profit for the same period is $26,961, $36,035 and $42,838, respectively. The percentages of the net profit sales for this period were 8.85%, 11.15% and 12.51%, respectively. Once the Company receives grant funding to add the new assets, the depreciation of the building will be over a 20 year period, while the equipment will be depreciated over a 7 year period. Table: Profit and Loss |Pro Forma Profit and Loss | | | | | | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | |Sales |$304,808 |$323,096 |$342,482 | |Direct Cost of Sales |$101,828 |$107,938 |$114,414 | |Other Costs of Sales |$0 |$0 |$0 | |Total Cost of Sales |$101,828 |$107,938 |$114,414 | | | | | | |Gross Margin |$202,980 |$215,159 |$228,068 | |Gross Margin % |66.59% |66.59% |66.59% | | | | | | |Expenses | | | | |Payroll |$98,052 |$100,013 |$102,013 | |Marketing/Promotion |$6,250 |$6,438 |$6,631 | |Depreciation |$12,045 |$13,143 |$13,143 | |Supplies |$600 |$618 |$637 | |Utilities |$8,400 |$8,652 |$8,912 | |Insurance |$5,004 |$5,004 |$5,004 | |Maintenance |$1,200 |$1,236 |$1,273 | |Office Expense |$1,800 |$1,854 |$1,910 | |Payroll Taxes |$9,805 |$10,001 |$10,201 | |Phone/TV/Internet |$1,800 |$1,854 |$1,910 | |Propane |$12,000 |$12,360 |$12,731 | |Property Tax |$2,508 |$2,508 |$2,508 | |Acct & Legal |$5,000 |$0 |$0 | | | | | | |Total Operating Expenses |$164,464 |$163,681 |$166,871 | | | | | | |Profit Before Interest and Taxes |$38,516 |$51,478 |$61,197 | |EBITDA |$50,561 |$64,621 |$74,340 | | Interest Expense |$0 |$0 |$0 | | Taxes Incurred |$11,555 |$15,443 |$18,359 | | | | | | |Net Profit |$26,961 |$36,035 |$42,838 | |Net Profit/Sales |8.85% |11.15% |12.51% | Chart: Profit Monthly [pic] Chart: Profit Yearly [pic] Chart: Gross Margin Monthly [pic] Chart: Gross Margin Yearly [pic] 8.5 Projected Cash Flow [Company Name] is a start-up Company that has applied for a grant of $350,000. The Company forecasts that it will receive funding in the month of October. During this period, the Company will get acquisition of the property, contents and rights to the business. The following table displays [Company Name]’s cash flow, and the chart illustrates monthly cash flow in the first year. Monthly cash flow projections are also included in the appendix. Table: Cash Flow |Pro Forma Cash Flow | | | | | | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | |Cash Received | | | | | | | | | |Cash from Operations | | | | |Cash Sales |$304,808 |$323,096 |$342,482 | |Subtotal Cash from Operations |$304,808 |$323,096 |$342,482 | | | | | | |Additional Cash Received | | | | |Sales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Received |$0 |$0 |$0 | |New Current Borrowing |$0 |$0 |$0 | |New Other Liabilities (interest-free) |$0 |$0 |$0 | |New Long-term Liabilities |$0 |$0 |$0 | |Sales of Other Current Assets |$0 |$0 |$0 | |Sales of Long-term Assets |$0 |$0 |$0 | |New Investment Received |$350,000 |$0 |$0 | |Subtotal Cash Received |$654,808 |$323,096 |$342,482 | | | | | | |Expenditures | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | | | | | | |Expenditures from Operations | | | | |Cash Spending |$98,052 |$100,013 |$102,013 | |Bill Payments |$136,504 |$176,166 |$184,277 | |Subtotal Spent on Operations |$234,556 |$276,179 |$286,291 | | | | | | |Additional Cash Spent | | | | |Sales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Paid Out |$0 |$0 |$0 | |Principal Repayment of Current Borrowing |$0 |$0 |$0 | |Other Liabilities Principal Repayment |$0 |$0 |$0 | |Long-term Liabilities Principal Repayment |$0 |$0 |$0 | |Purchase Other Current Assets |$0 |$0 |$0 | |Purchase Long-term Assets |$0 |$0 |$0 | |Dividends |$0 |$0 |$0 | |Subtotal Cash Spent |$234,556 |$276,179 |$286,291 | | | | | | |Net Cash Flow |$420,252 |$46,917 |$56,192 | |Cash Balance |$420,252 |$467,170 |$523,361 | Chart: Cash [pic] 8.6 Projected Balance Sheet [Company Name]’s net worth is $763,711, $799,746 and $842,583, for Year 1, Year 2 and Year 3, respectively. Table: Balance Sheet |Pro Forma Balance Sheet | | | | | | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | |Assets | | | | | | | | | |Current Assets | | | | |Cash |$420,252 |$467,170 |$523,361 | |Inventory |$10,924 |$11,342 |$12,023 | |Other Current Assets |$30,950 |$30,950 |$30,950 | |Total Current Assets |$462,126 |$509,462 |$566,334 | | | | | | |Long-term Assets | | | | |Long-term Assets |$329,800 |$329,800 |$329,800 | |Accumulated Depreciation |$12,045 |$25,188 |$38,331 | |Total Long-term Assets |$317,755 |$304,612 |$291,469 | |Total Assets |$779,881 |$814,074 |$857,803 | | | | | | Table: Balance Sheet (Continued) |Liabilities and Capital | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | | | | | | |Current Liabilities | | | | |Accounts Payable |$16,170 |$14,328 |$15,219 | |Current Borrowing |$0 |$0 |$0 | |Other Current Liabilities |$0 |$0 |$0 | |Subtotal Current Liabilities |$16,170 |$14,328 |$15,219 | | | | | | |Long-term Liabilities |$0 |$0 |$0 | |Total Liabilities |$16,170 |$14,328 |$15,219 | | | | | | |Paid-in Capital |$752,050 |$752,050 |$752,050 | |Retained Earnings |($15,300) |$11,661 |$47,696 | |Earnings |$26,961 |$36,035 |$42,838 | |Total Capital |$763,711 |$799,746 |$842,583 | |Total Liabilities and Capital |$779,881 |$814,074 |$857,803 | | | | | | |Net Worth |$763,711 |$799,746 |$842,583 | 8.7 Business Ratios The table below presents ratios from the full-service restaurant markets as a reference. Table: Ratios |Ratio Analysis | | | | | | | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 |Industry Profile | |Sales Growth |n.a. |6.00% |6.00% |1.65% | | | | | | | |Percent of Total Assets | | | | | |Inventory |1.40% |1.39% |1.40% |6.34% | |Other Current Assets |3.97% |3.80% |3.61% |43.25% | |Total Current Assets |59.26% |62.58% |66.02% |53.12% | |Long-term Assets |40.74% |37.42% |33.98% |46.88% | |Total Assets |100.00% |100.00% |100.00% |100.00% | | | | | | | |Current Liabilities |2.07% |1.76% |1.77% |25.40% | |Long-term Liabilities |0.00% |0.00% |0.00% |73.91% | |Total Liabilities |2.07% |1.76% |1.77% |99.31% | |Net Worth |97.93% |98.24% |98.23% |0.69% | | | | | | | |Percent of Sales | | | | | |Sales |100.00% |100.00% |100.00% |100.00% | |Gross Margin |66.59% |66.59% |66.59% |58.06% | |Selling, General & Administrative Expenses |57.75% |55.44% |54.08% |23.02% | |Advertising Expenses |2.05% |1.99% |1.94% |1.74% | |Profit Before Interest and Taxes |12.64% |15.93% |17.87% |6.52% | | | | | | | |Main Ratios | | | | | |Current |28.58 |35.56 |37.21 |1.25 | |Quick |27.90 |34.77 |36.42 |1.00 | |Total Debt to Total Assets |2.07% |1.76% |1.77% |99.31% | |Pre-tax Return on Net Worth |5.04% |6.44% |7.26% |4325.19% | |Pre-tax Return on Assets |4.94% |6.32% |7.13% |29.65% | | | | | | | Table: Ratios (Continued) |Additional Ratios | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | | |Net Profit Margin |8.85% |11.15% |12.51% |n.a | |Return on Equity |3.53% |4.51% |5.08% |n.a | | | | | | | |Activity Ratios | | | | | |Inventory Turnover |10.09 |9.70 |9.79 |n.a | |Accounts Payable Turnover |9.44 |12.17 |12.17 |n.a | |Payment Days |27 |32 |29 |n.a | |Total Asset Turnover |0.39 |0.40 |0.40 |n.a | | | | | | | |Debt Ratios | | | | | |Debt to Net Worth |0.02 |0.02 |0.02 |n.a | |Current Lab. to Liab. |1.00 |1.00 |1.00 |n.a | | | | | | | |Liquidity Ratios | | | | | |Net Working Capital |$445,956 |$495,134 |$551,114 |n.a | |Interest Coverage |0.00 |0.00 |0.00 |n.a | | | | | | | |Additional Ratios | | | | | |Assets to Sales |2.56 |2.52 |2.50 |n.a | |Current Debt/Total Assets |2% |2% |2% |n.a | |Acid Test |27.90 |34.77 |36.42 |n.a | |Sales/Net Worth |0.40 |0.40 |0.41 |n.a | |Dividend Payout | 0.00 |0.00 |0.00 |n.a | Table: Sales Forecast Sales Forecast Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Month 7 Month 8 Month 9 Month 10 Month 11 Month 12SalesFood$19,346 $19,733 $20,128 $20,531 $20,942 $21,361 $21,788 $22,224 $22,668 $23,121 $23,583 $24,055 Dining Beverage$1,000 $1,102 $1,124 $1,146 $1,169 $1,192 $1,216 $1,240 $1,265 $1,290 $1,316 $1,340 Bar Beverage$2,306 $2,352 $2,399 $2,447 $2,496 $2,546 $2,597 $2,649 $2,702 $2,756 $2,811 $2,867 Total Sales$22,652 $23,187 $23,651 $24,124 $24,607 $25,099 $25,601 $26,113 $26,635 $27,167 $27,710 $28,262 Direct Cost of Sales Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Month 7 Month 8 Month 9 Month 10 Month 11 Month 12Food$5,705 $5,990 $6,290 $6,604 $6,934 $7,281 $7,645 $8,027 $8,428 $8,849 $9,291 $9,756 Dining Beverage$102 $105 $108 $111 $114 $117 $121 $125 $129 $133 $136 $139 Bar Beverage$602 $639 $664 $697 $732 $769 $807 $847 $889 $933 $980 $1,029 Subtotal Direct Cost of Sales$6,409 $6,734 $7,062 $7,412 $7,780 $8,167 $8,573 $8,999 $9,446 $9,915 $10,407 $10,924  Table: Personnel Personnel Plan Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Month 7 Month 8 Month 9 Month 10 Month 11 Month 12Owner/Manager$2,800 $2,800 $2,800 $2,800 $2,800 $2,800 $2,800 $2,800 $2,800 $2,800 $2,800 $2,800 Head Cook$1,400 $1,400 $1,400 $1,400 $1,400 $1,400 $1,400 $1,400 $1,400 $1,400 $1,400 $1,400 Asst. Cook$648 $648 $648 $648 $648 $648 $648 $648 $648 $648 $648 $648 Head Waiter$1,015 $1,015 $1,015 $1,015 $1,015 $1,015 $1,015 $1,015 $1,015 $1,015 $1,015 $1,015 Waiters$1,090 $1,090 $1,090 $1,090 $1,090 $1,090 $1,090 $1,090 $1,090 $1,090 $1,090 $1,090 Bartenders$696 $696 $696 $696 $696 $696 $696 $696 $696 $696 $696 $696 Dishwashers$522 $522 $522 $522 $522 $522 $522 $522 $522 $522 $522 $522 Total People14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 Total Payroll$8,171 $8,171 $8,171 $8,171 $8,171 $8,171 $8,171 $8,171 $8,171 $8,171 $8,171 $8,171  Table: Profit and Loss Pro Forma Profit and Loss Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Month 7 Month 8 Month 9 Month 10 Month 11 Month 12Sales$22,652 $23,187 $23,651 $24,124 $24,607 $25,099 $25,601 $26,113 $26,635 $27,167 $27,710 $28,262 Direct Cost of Sales$6,409 $6,734 $7,062 $7,412 $7,780 $8,167 $8,573 $8,999 $9,446 $9,915 $10,407 $10,924 Other Costs of Sales$0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Total Cost of Sales$6,409 $6,734 $7,062 $7,412 $7,780 $8,167 $8,573 $8,999 $9,446 $9,915 $10,407 $10,924 Gross Margin$16,243 $16,453 $16,589 $16,712 $16,827 $16,932 $17,028 $17,114 $17,189 $17,252 $17,303 $17,338 Gross Margin %71.71% 70.96% 70.14% 69.28% 68.38% 67.46% 66.51% 65.54% 64.54% 63.50% 62.44% 61.35% ExpensesPayroll$8,171 $8,171 $8,171 $8,171 $8,171 $8,171 $8,171 $8,171 $8,171 $8,171 $8,171 $8,171 Market ing/Promotion$750 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 $500 Depreciation$0 $1,095 $1,095 $1,095 $1,095 $1,095 $1,095 $1,095 $1,095 $1,095 $1,095 $1,095 Supplies$50 $50 $50 $50 $50 $50 $50 $50 $50 $50 $50 $50 Utilities$700 $700 $700 $700 $700 $700 $700 $700 $700 $700 $700 $700 Insurance$417 $417 $417 $417 $417 $417 $417 $417 $417 $417 $417 $417 Maintenance$100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 $100 Office Expense$150 $150 $150 $150 $150 $150 $150 $150 $150 $150 $150 $150 Payroll Taxes10% $817 $817 $817 $817 $817 $817 $817 $817 $817 $817 $817 $817 Phone/TV/Internet$150 $150 $150 $150 $150 $150 $150 $150 $150 $150 $150 $150 Propane$1,000 $1,000 $1,000 $1,000 $1,000 $1,000 $1,000 $1,000 $1,000 $1,000 $1,000 $1,000 Property Tax$209 $209 $209 $209 $209 $209 $209 $209 $209 $209 $209 $209 Acct & Lega l$5,000 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Total Operating Expenses$17,514 $13,359 $13,359 $13,359 $13,359 $13,359 $13,359 $13,359 $13,359 $13,359 $13,359 $13,359 Profit Before Interest and Taxes($1,271)$3,094 $3,230 $3,353 $3,468 $3,573 $3,669 $3,755 $3,830 $3,893 $3,944 $3,979 EBITDA($1,271)$4,189 $4,325 $4,448 $4,563 $4,668 $4,764 $4,850 $4,925 $4,988 $5,039 $5,074  Interest Expense$0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0  Taxes Incurred($381)$928 $969 $1,006 $1,040 $1,072 $1,101 $1,126 $1,149 $1,168 $1,183 $1,194 Net Profit($890)$2,166 $2,261 $2,347 $2,428 $2,501 $2,568 $2,628 $2,681 $2,725 $2,761 $2,785 Net Profit/Sales-3.93% 9.34% 9.56% 9.73% 9.87% 9.96% 10.03% 10.07% 10.07% 10.03% 9.96% 9.86% Table: Cash Flow Pro Forma Cash Flow Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Month 7 Month 8 Month 9 Month 10 Month 11 Month 12Cash ReceivedCash from OperationsCash Sales$22,652 $23,187 $23,651 $24,124 $24,607 $25,099 $25,601 $26,113 $26,635 $27,167 $27,710 $28,262 Subtotal Cash from Operations$22,652 $23,187 $23,651 $24,124 $24,607 $25,099 $25,601 $26,113 $26,635 $27,167 $27,710 $28,262 Additional Cash ReceivedSales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Received0.00% $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 New Current Borrowing$0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 New Other Liabilities (interest-free)$0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 New Long-term Liabilities$0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Sales of Other Current Assets$0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Sales of Long-term Assets$0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 New Investment Received$350,000 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Subtotal Cash Received$372,652 $23,187 $23,651 $24,124 $24,607 $25,099 $25,601 $26,113 $26,635 $27,167 $27,710 $28,262 Table: Cash Flow (Continued) Expenditures Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Month 7 Month 8 Month 9 Month 10 Month 11 Month 12Expenditures from OperationsCash Spending$8,171 $8,171 $8,171 $8,171 $8,171 $8,171 $8,171 $8,171 $8,171 $8,171 $8,171 $8,171 Bill Payments$299 $8,830 $5,065 $6,547 $12,875 $13,296 $13,734 $14,188 $14,661 $15,152 $15,663 $16,194 Subtotal Spent on Operations$8,470 $17,001 $13,236 $14,718 $21,046 $21,467 $21,905 $22,359 $22,832 $23,323 $23,834 $24,365 Additional Cash SpentSales Tax, VAT, HST/GST Paid Out$0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Principal Repayment of Current Borrowing$0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Other Liabilities Principal Repayment$0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Long-term Liabilities Principal Repayment$0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Purchase Other Current Assets$0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Purchase Long-term Assets$0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Dividends$0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Subtotal Cash Spent$8,470 $17,001 $13,236 $14,718 $21,046 $21,467 $21,905 $22,359 $22,832 $23,323 $23,834 $24,365 Net Cash Flow$364,182 $6,186 $10,415 $9,406 $3,561 $3,632 $3,696 $3,754 $3,803 $3,844 $3,876 $3,897 Cash Balance$364,182 $370,368 $380,783 $390,189 $393,750 $397,382 $401,078 $404,832 $408,635 $412,479 $416,355 $420,252 Table: Balance Sheet Pro Forma Balance Sheet Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Month 7 Month 8 Month 9 Month 10 Month 11 Month 12AssetsStarting BalancesCurrent AssetsCash$0 $364,182 $370,368 $380,783 $390,189 $393,750 $397,382 $401,078 $404,832 $408,635 $412,479 $416,355 $420,252 Inventory$26,000 $19,591 $12,857 $7,062 $7,412 $7,780 $8,167 $8,573 $8,999 $9,446 $9,915 $10,407 $10,924 Other Current Assets$30,950 $30,950 $30,950 $30,950 $30,950 $30,950 $30,950 $30,950 $30,950 $30,950 $30,950 $30,950 $30,950 Total Current Assets$56,950 $414,723 $414,175 $418,795 $428,551 $432,480 $436,499 $440,601 $444,781 $449,031 $453,344 $457,712 $462,126 Long-term AssetsLong-term Assets$329,800 $329,800 $329,800 $329,800 $329,800 $329,800 $329,800 $329,800 $329,800 $329,800 $329,800 $329,800 $329,800 Accumulated Depreciati on$0 $0 $1,095 $2,190 $3,285 $4,380 $5,475 $6,570 $7,665 $8,760 $9,855 $10,950 $12,045 Total Long-term Assets$329,800 $329,800 $328,705 $327,610 $326,515 $325,420 $324,325 $323,230 $322,135 $321,040 $319,945 $318,850 $317,755 Total Assets$386,750 $744,523 $742,880 $746,405 $755,066 $757,900 $760,824 $763,831 $766,916 $770,071 $773,289 $776,562 $779,881 Table: Balance Sheet (Continued) Liabilities and Capital Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Month 7 Month 8 Month 9 Month 10 Month 11 Month 12Current LiabilitiesAccounts Payable$0 $8,663 $4,854 $6,118 $12,432 $12,839 $13,262 $13,700 $14,156 $14,631 $15,123 $15,636 $16,170 Current Borrowing$0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Other Current Liabilities$0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Subtotal Current Liabilities$0 $8,663 $4,854 $6,118 $12,432 $12,839 $13,262 $13,700 $14,156 $14,631 $15,123 $15,636 $16,170 Long-term Liabilities$0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 $0 Total Liabilities$0 $8,663 $4,854 $6,118 $12,432 $12,839 $13,262 $13,700 $14,156 $14,631 $15,123 $15,636 $16,170 Paid-in Capital$402,050 $752,050 $752,050 $752,050 $752,050 $752,050 $752,050 $752,050 $752,050 $752,050 $752,050 $752,050 $752,050 Retained Earning s($15,300)($15,300)($15,300)($15,300)($15,300)($15,300)($15,300)($15,300)($15,300)($15,300)($15,300)($15,300)($15,300)Earnings$0 ($890)$1,276 $3,537 $5,884 $8,311 $10,812 $13,381 $16,009 $18,690 $21,415 $24,176 $26,961 Total Capital$386,750 $735,860 $738,026 $740,287 $742,634 $745,061 $747,562 $750,131 $752,759 $755,440 $758,165 $760,926 $763,711 Total Liabilities and Capital$386,750 $744,523 $742,880 $746,405 $755,066 $757,900 $760,824 $763,831 $766,916 $770,071 $773,289 $776,562 $779,881 Net Worth$386,750 $735,860 $738,026 $740,287 $742,634 $745,061 $747,562 $750,131 $752,759 $755,440 $758,165 $760,926 $763,711  INFORMATION AND FORMS ARE PROVIDED â€Å"AS IS† WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY OF ANY KIND INCLUDING WARRANTIES OF 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The information, forms, instructions, tips, comments, decision tree alternatives and choices, reports, and services in and through Docstoc are not legal advice, but are general information / forms on general issues often encountered designed to help Docstoc users, members, purchasers, and subscribers address their own needs. But information, including tips, general forms, instructions, comments, decision tree alternatives and choices, and reports, no matter how seemingly customized to conform to the laws and regulations applicable to you, is not the same as legal advice, which may be the specific application of laws and regulations by lawyers licensed to practice law in your state to the specific circumstances and needs of individuals and entities. 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Application of these general principles and wording to particular circumstances should be done by a lawyer who has consulted with you in confidence, learned all relevant information, and explored various options. Before acting on these general principles and general wording, you might want to hire a lawyer licensed to practice law in the jurisdiction to which your question pertains. The information, forms, instructions, tips, comments, decision tree alternatives and choices, and reports, available on and through Docstoc are not legal advice and are not guaranteed to be correct, complete, accurate, or up-to-date. Because the law is different from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, they are subject to changes, and there are varying interpretations and applications by different courts and governmental and administrative bodies, and Docstoc cannot guarantee—and disclaims all guarantees—that the information, forms, and reports on or  through the site and services are completely current or accurate. Please further note that laws change and are regularly amended; therefore, the provisions, names, and section numbers of statutes, codes, or regulations, and the types of permits or licenses within any forms or reports, may not be 100% correct, as they may be partially or wholly out of date and some relevant ones may have been omitted or misinterpreted. Docstoc is not permitted to engage in the practice of law. Docstoc is prohibited from providing any kind of advice, explanation, opinion, or recommendation to a consumer about possible legal rights, remedies, defenses, options, selection, or completion of forms or strategies. Communications between you and Docstoc may be protected by our Privacy Policy (http://premium.docstoc.com/privacypolicy), but are NOT protected by the attorney-client privilege or work product doctrine since Docstoc is not a law firm and is not providing legal advice. No Docstoc employee, contractor, or attorney is authorized to provide you with any advice about what information (again, which includes forms) to use or how to use or complete it or them. Entire document copyright  © Docstoc ®, Inc., 2010 – 2013 All Right ReservedINFORMATION AND FORMS ARE PROVIDED â€Å"AS IS† WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY OF ANY KIND INCLUDING WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, NONINFRINGEMENT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IN NO EVENT SHALL DOCSTOC, INC., OR ITS AGENTS, OFFICERS, ATTORNEYS, ETC., BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF PROFITS, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, LOSS OF INFORMATION) ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF OR INABILITY TO USE THE MATERIALS, EVEN IF DOCSTOC HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. They are for guidance and should be modified by you or your attorney to meet your specific needs and the laws of your state or jurisdiction. Use at your own risk. Docstoc ® is NOT providing legal or any other kind of advice and is not creating or entering into an Attorney-Client relationship. The information, reports, and forms are not a substitute for the advice of your own attorney. The law is a personal matter and no general information or forms or like the kind Docstoc provides can always correctly fit every circumstance. Note: Carefully read and follow the Instructions and Comments contained in this document for your customization to suit your specific circumstances and requirements. You will want to delete the Instructions and Comments from open bracket (â€Å"[â€Å") to close bracket (â€Å"]†) after reading and following them. You (or your attorney) may want to make additional modifications to meet your specific needs and the laws of your state. The Instructions and Comments are not a substitute for the advice of your own attorney. ââ€"Å  Where within this document you see this symbol: ââ€"Å  or an instruction states â€Å"Insert any number you chooseââ€"Å ,† or something similar, or there is a blank for the user to complete, please note that although Docstoc believes the information or number may be any that the user chooses, and that there is no law governing what the information or number should be, you might want to verify this, including by consulting with your own attorney practicing in your state. Because the law is different from jurisdiction to jurisdiction and the laws are subject to change, Docstoc cannot guarantee—and disclaims all guarantees—that it is correct for the information or number to be anything that the user chooses. The information, forms, instructions, tips, comments, decision tree alternatives and choices, reports, and services in and through Docstoc are not legal advice, but are general information / forms on general issues often encountered designed to help Docstoc users, members, purchasers, and subscribers address their own needs. But information, including tips, general forms, instructions, comments, decision tree alternatives and choices, and reports, no matter how seemingly customized to conform to the laws and regulations applicable to you, is not the same as legal advice, which may be the specific application of laws and regulations by lawyers licensed to practice law in your state to the specific circumstances and needs of individuals and entities. Some states, counties, municipalities, and other governmental divisions, have highly specific laws and regulations, and our information / forms / reports may not take all those specific laws and regulations into consideration, although we tried to do so. Docstoc is not a law firm and the employees and contractors (including  attorneys, if any) of Docstoc are not acting as your attorneys, and none of them are a substitute for the advice of your own attorney licensed to practice law in your state. The employees or contractors of Docstoc, who wrote or modified any form, instructions, tips, comments, decision tree alternatives and choices, and reports, are NOT providing legal or any other kind of advice and are not creating or entering into an Attorney-Client relationship. Any such form, instruction, tips, comments, decision tree alternatives and choices, and reports were most likely NOT prepared or reviewed by an attorney licensed to practice law in your state, and, therefore, the employees or contractors could not provide you with legal advice even if they or Docstoc wanted to. Even though we take every reasonable effort to attempt to make sure our information / forms / reports are accurate, up to-date, and useful, we recommend that you consult a lawyer licensed to practice law in your state if you want professional assurance that our information, forms, instructions, tips, comments, decision tree alternatives and choices, and reports; your interpretation of it or them; and the information and input that you provide are appropriate to your particular situation. Application of these general principles and wording to particular circumstances should be done by a lawyer who has consulted with you in confidence, learned all relevant information, and explored various options. Before acting on these general principles and general wording, you might want to hire a lawyer licensed to practice law in the jurisdiction to which your question pertains. The information, forms, instructions, tips, comments, decision tree alternatives and choices, and reports, available on and through Docstoc are not legal advice and are not guaranteed to be correct, complete, accurate, or up-to-date. Because the law is different from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, they are subject to changes, and there are varying interpretations and applications by different courts and governmental and administrative bodies, and Docstoc cannot guarantee—and disclaims all guarantees—that the information, forms, and reports on or through the site and services are completely current or accurate. Please further note that laws change and are regularly amended; therefore, the provisions, names, and section numbers of statutes, codes, or regulations, and the types of permits or licenses within any forms or reports, may not be 100% correct, as they may be partially or wholly out of date and some  relevant ones may have been omitted or misinterpreted. Docstoc is not permitted to engage in the practice of law. Docstoc is prohibited from providing any kind of advice, explanation, opinion, or recommendation to a consumer about possible legal rights, remedies, defenses, options, selection, or completion of forms or strategies. Communications between you and Docstoc may be protected by our Privacy Policy (http://premium.docstoc.com/privacypolicy), but are NOT protected by the attorney-client privilege or work product doctrine since Docstoc is not a law firm and is not providing legal advice. No Docstoc employee, contractor, or attorney is authorized to provide you with any advice abo ut what information (again, which includes forms) to use or how to use or complete it or them. Entire document copyright  © Docstoc ®, Inc., 2010 – 2013 All Right Reserved ———————– Business Plan for Restaurant Bar and Grill This Business Plan for a Bar and Grill Restaurant allows entrepreneurs or business owners to create a comprehensive and professional business plan. This template form allows a business to outline the company’s objectives and detail both current company information as well as any past performance. Companies should include a complete market analysis in their plan to help showcase why their business strategy will be effective in the market. Future company plans, including production targets, management strategy, and financial forecasting, should be used to demonstrate and confirm that the company’s short-term and long-term objective can and will be met. This model plan can be customized to best fit the unique needs of any entrepreneur or owner that is seeking to create a strong business plan. Business Plan for Restaurant Bar and Grill This Business Plan for a Bar and Grill Restaurant allows entrepreneurs or business owners to create a comprehensive and professional business plan. This template form allows a business to outline the company?s objectives and detail both curren[pic][?]